Products Description
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless, flammable liquid characterized by a fishy, unpleasant amine-like odor, particularly at elevated concentrations. Its odor threshold is approximately 0.47100 ppm. The compound has a molecular weight of 73.11 g/mol, a specific gravity (H₂O = 1) of 0.95, a boiling point of 153°C, and a freezing/melting point of approximately -61°C. Its vapor pressure is 3 mmHg at 20°C, while its flash point is 58°C and its autoignition temperature is 444.5°C. The explosive limits are 2.2% (LEL) and 15.2% (UEL at 100°C). According to the NFPA 704M classification system, DMF has a health hazard rating of 2, a flammability rating of 2, and a reactivity rating of 0. It is miscible with water and may pose potential health risks associated with occupational exposure, including reproductive toxicity, mutagenic effects, and potential tumorigenic properties. It may also affect hormonal functions and cause irritation upon exposure.
Chemical Properties
Melting point | -61 °C (lit.) |
alpha | 0.94 º |
Boiling point | 153 °C (lit.) |
density | 0.944 g/mL (lit.) |
vapor density | 2.5 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 2.7 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.430(lit.) |
Fp | 136 °F |
storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
solubility | water: miscible |
form | liquid |
pka | -0.44±0.70(Predicted) |
color | APHA: ≤15 |
Odor | Faint, ammonia-like odor detectable at 100 ppm |
Relative polarity | 0.386 |
PH | 7 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
explosive limit | 2.2-16%(V) |
Odor Threshold | 1.8ppm |
Water Solubility | soluble |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
λmax | λ: 270 nm Amax: 1.00 |
Merck | 14,3243 |
BRN | 605365 |
Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3), IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 10 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm (adopted). |
Dielectric constant | 36.710000000000001 |
InChIKey | ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
LogP | -1.010 |
Surface tension | 35.20mN/m at 298.15K |
Surface tension | 37.1mN/m at 20°C |
CAS DataBase Reference | 68-12-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Formamide, N,N-dimethyl-(68-12-2) |
IARC | 2A (Vol. 47, 71, 115) 2018 |
EPA Substance Registry System | N,N-Dimethylformamide (68-12-2) |
Product Applications
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a clear, colorless liquid widely utilized in various industrial processes as a solvent, additive, and chemical intermediate due to its excellent miscibility with water and a broad range of common organic solvents. DMF-based solutions are extensively employed in the processing of polymer fibers, films, and surface coatings. It also facilitates the spinning of acrylic fibers, supports the production of wire enamels, and serves as a crystallization medium in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
In organic synthesis, DMF is commonly used as a formylating reagent in reactions involving alkyllithium and Grignard reagents. It also plays an important role in Bouveault aldehyde synthesis and the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. Additionally, DMF can function as a catalyst in the preparation of acyl chlorides. Other industrial applications include the separation and purification of crude oil from olefin-containing gas streams, as well as the removal of varnishes and lacquers when combined with methylene chloride. Furthermore, DMF is widely used in the manufacture of adhesives, synthetic fibers, and polymer films.
