Glucose Monohydrate, also referred to as dextrose monohydrate, is a simple carbohydrate widely utilized in microbiology and biochemical research. It serves as an accessible carbon and energy source in culture media, supporting the growth and metabolic activity of various microorganisms. Within living cells, glucose participates in essential biochemical pathways that generate energy and supply intermediates for cellular processes. It also contributes to the synthesis of glycans and other carbohydrate structures involved in cell composition and biological function. In addition to its beneficial metabolic roles, glucose can participate in nonenzymatic reactions with proteins and other biomolecules, a process known as glycation, which may influence cellular function under certain conditions. These properties make Glucose Monohydrate a useful material for microbial cultivation, fermentation studies, and investigations of carbohydrate metabolism.
| Melting point | 83°C |
| density | 1.54 |
| solubility | Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). |
| form | Solid |
| color | Colorless crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH Range | 5.9 |
| Water Solubility | 1 g/1.1 ml water @ 250C |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | D-Glucose monohydrate (5996-10-1) |
| InChI | InChI=1/C6H12O6.H2O/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2;/h2-11H,1H2;1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+;/s3 |
| InChIKey | OSNSWKAZFASRNG-YDLLFKKHNA-N |
| SMILES | [C@H]1(CO)O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O.O |&1:0,4,5,7,9,r| |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 5996-10-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
Glucose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide present in honey, fruits, and many plant-derived materials. It is an optically active sugar that rotates plane-polarized light to the right in its D-form and is generated in plants through photosynthesis. As a fundamental energy source, glucose plays a central role in the metabolism of living organisms. In animals, it circulates through the bloodstream to supply cells with fuel for energy production, primarily through glycolysis and related metabolic pathways. Plants and animals can also obtain glucose through the breakdown of stored carbohydrates, including starch and glycogen. In microbial processes, glucose serves as an important fermentation substrate: yeast can convert it into ethanol and carbon dioxide, while different bacterial species may produce organic acids, alcohols, gases, and other metabolites depending on the organism and culture conditions. Glucose is manufactured commercially, commonly through the hydrolysis of starch using enzymatic or acid-based methods. Its major industrial applications include confectionery production, canned food processing, fermentation, and various food formulations. Fructose, another naturally occurring monosaccharide found in fruits, honey, and plants, differs from glucose in molecular configuration and generally has a higher sweetness intensity.
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