Products Description
Chlorobenzene is an aromatic monocyclic compound in which one hydrogen atom of the benzene ring is replaced by a chlorine atom. It is typically manufactured through the catalytic chlorination of benzene in the liquid phase. Chlorobenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic sweet, almond-like odor. At room temperature, it exhibits relatively high vapor pressure, a moderate octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow of approximately 2.8), and limited water solubility (497.9 mg/L at 25°C). It is highly soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but has very low solubility in water. Commercial-grade chlorobenzene generally has a purity of approximately 99%, with benzene and dichlorobenzenes present as impurities at concentrations below 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively. It is widely used as an industrial solvent and as an important chemical intermediate in the production of various chemical compounds. In addition, Rhodococcus phenolicus is a bacterial species capable of utilizing chlorobenzene as its sole carbon source and degrading it biologically.
Chemical Properties
Melting point | -45 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point | 132 °C (lit.) |
density | 1.106 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
vapor density | 3.86 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 11.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D |
Fp | 75 °F |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | water: soluble0.207 g/L at 20°C |
form | Liquid |
color | APHA: ≤30 |
Relative polarity | 0.188 |
Odor | Almond like odour |
explosive limit | 1.3-11%(V) |
Water Solubility | 0.4 g/L (20 ºC) |
FreezingPoint | -45.6℃ |
λmax | λ: 288 nm Amax: 1.0 |
Merck | 14,2121 |
BRN | 605632 |
Henry's Law Constant | 1.11, 1.54, 1.81, 2.80, and 3.79 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.0, and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS-SPME, Dewulf et al., 1999)(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol) |
Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 75 ppm (～345 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 2400 ppm. |
Dielectric constant | 5.6（25℃） |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Flammable. Attacks some types of plastics, rubber and coatings. |
LogP | 3 at 20℃ |
CAS DataBase Reference | 108-90-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Benzene, chloro-(108-90-7) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Chlorobenzene (108-90-7) |
Product Applications
Chemical Intermediate Production: Chlorobenzene is primarily used as a raw material in the manufacture of o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Other important industrial applications include the production of diphenyl ether and diphenyldichlorosilane.
Organic Chemical Synthesis: It serves as an important starting material for producing various chemical compounds, including triphenylphosphine, which is widely used as a catalyst and reagent in organic synthesis, as well as phenylsilane and thiophenol, which are used in pesticide and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is also utilized in the synthesis of chemicals such as methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is an important raw material for polyurethane production.
Industrial Solvent Applications: Chlorobenzene is used as a solvent in paints, printing inks, cleaning formulations, and various organic synthesis processes. It also serves as a solvent in agricultural chemical formulations, including crop protection products, and as a heat-transfer medium in certain industrial applications.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Chlorobenzene is used in the production of important chemicals such as phenol, aniline, and DDT. It also functions as a process solvent in the manufacture of isocyanates, including MDI and TDI, and is employed in condensation reactions in the dye industry. Additionally, it is used in selected formulations of agricultural adjuvants and electronic cleaning products.
